小麦迟熟α-淀粉酶的研究进展

来源 :麦类作物学报 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:maomao1983520
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本文讨论了迟熟 α-淀粉酶 (L ate m atureα- amylase,L MA)的概念及其与小麦发芽籽粒中其它 α-淀粉酶同工酶的区别 ,综述了其遗传特性、表达的差异性、影响因素和鉴定方法。认为迟熟α-淀粉酶 (L MA)是某些品种在籽粒发育后期在没有发生穗发芽的环境下所合成的一系列 α-淀粉酶同工酶 ,其种类与发芽期间合成的高 p I的 α-淀粉酶同属受 Amy- 1基因控制的α-淀粉酶同工酶。 L MA的表达在一定程度上具有倾母遗传特性。α-淀粉酶活性测定和FN值测定的结果表明 ,在不同小区、不同植株、不同穗子以及不同籽粒中 ,其表达都存在显著差异。同时 ,温度、矮秆基因、钼营养等因素对 L MA的表达也都有不同程度的影响。矮秆基因 (尤其是 Rht3)能够降低 L MA的表达效果。低温对于某些品种在籽粒发育中期 L MA的表达具有诱导作用 ,但机理至今仍不清楚。土壤中钼元素的存在对于 L MA的表达有时具有正调控作用 ,有时却有负调控作用。对于 L MA基因的定位和分子标记仍在研究中 ,目前已初步将其定位在小麦 6 B染色体的长臂上。 This article discusses the concept of lam-lam-α-amylase (L MA) and its difference from other α-amylase isozymes in wheat germinated grain, and reviews its genetic characteristics, differences in expression Influencing factors and identification methods. It is believed that the late-maturing α-amylase (LMA) is a series of α-amylase isoenzymes synthesized by some cultivars in the absence of spike germination during the later grain development stage, Alpha-amylases belong to the same alpha-amylase isoenzyme controlled by the Amy-1 gene. The expression of LMA, to a certain extent, has the genetic characteristics of the mother. The results of the determination of α-amylase activity and FN value show that there are significant differences in the expression of α-amylase activity and FN in different communities, different plants, different ears and different grains. At the same time, the factors such as temperature, dwarfing gene and molybdenum nutrition had different degrees of influence on LMA expression. Dwarfing genes, especially Rht3, can reduce the expression of LMA. Low temperature induces LMA expression in some cultivars at the mid-grain stage, but the mechanism remains unclear. The presence of molybdenum in soil sometimes has a positive regulatory effect on the expression of LMA, sometimes negatively regulating it. LMA gene mapping and molecular markers are still under study, and has been initially located on the long arm of chromosome 6 B in wheat.
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