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目的探讨铅对工人健康的损害的临床特点及防治对策,保护工人的身体健康。方法对某炼铁厂2009~2011年的铅作业工人的职业健康检查资料进行回顾分析。铅作业体检采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅,荧光分析法测锌原卟啉,用血液细胞分析仪测定血红蛋白,血压计手工测血压。结果(1)该炼铁厂三年都有血铅超标病例检出且逐年增多;(2)血铅与锌原卟啉有显著相关,与血红蛋白、血压无明显相关;(3)岗位和既往有无血铅异常史两因素对工人血铅影响较大。结论该炼铁厂高炉车间铅危害严重,接铅工人血铅检出情况存在着岗位差别,反复铅中毒现象较普遍。应控制生产源头铅的接触,改进生产工艺,完善车间的排毒除尘设施,加强个人防护和健康教育。
Objective To explore the clinical features and prevention and cure measures of lead damage to workers’ health and protect the health of workers. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on occupational health examination data of lead workers in a ironworks from 2009 to 2011. Blood lead levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after lead operation, zinc protoporphyrin was detected by fluorescence analysis, hemoglobin was measured by hematology analyzer, and manual blood pressure was measured by blood cell analyzer. Results (1) In the three years of the ironworks, blood lead levels were detected and increased year by year. (2) There was a significant correlation between blood lead and zinc protoporphyrin and no significant correlation with hemoglobin and blood pressure. (3) There is no history of blood lead two factors on the blood lead greater impact. Conclusion The blast furnace workshop in the ironworks is seriously endangered by lead. There are post differences in the detection of blood lead among the lead workers, and repeated lead poisoning is common. Should control the lead at the source of production contact, improve production technology, improve the workshop detoxification and dust removal facilities, strengthen personal protection and health education.