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一、软岩中可以使用园形断面锚喷支护软岩中的粘土矿物成份,如蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石等,含量越多,越容易吸水膨胀,原岩含水率超过10%,其单轴抗压强度往往降低二分之一以上。某些较稳定软岩虽无明显膨胀,但受风化影响,岩层极易软化,崩解。在原岩吸水膨胀的同时,膨胀压压力也相应增高,尤其经过吸水——干缩——再吸水的变化过程后膨胀压力增长更甚,围岩流动变形也更为剧烈,使用梯形、半园拱、三心园拱断面,底鼓量就会超过顶板下沉量,需要经常返修巷道。个别矿井被逼掘二条巷道来保证其中之一正常使用。所以,提高围岩稳定性,并减轻支护上的荷载,应当从缩小变形量,减小形变压力着手,改用园形或椭园形断面,使用适应围岩变形的柔性支护。
First, the soft rock can be used in the axial section of the rock burst spray soft rock clay mineral composition, such as montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, the more content, the more water-swelling, the original rock moisture content of more than 10 %, Its uniaxial compressive strength is often reduced by more than one-half. Although some relatively stable soft rock without obvious expansion, but affected by the weathering, the rock is easy to soften and disintegrate. In the same time, the pressure of expansion pressure increases correspondingly when the original rock absorbs water, especially the expansion pressure increases even after the process of water absorption-shrinkage-rehydration. The flow deformation of the surrounding rock is also more violent. Using trapezoid, , Three heart Park arch section, the amount of the end of the drum will exceed the amount of roof sinking, the need to often repair the roadway. An individual mine was dug two tunnels to ensure that one of the normal use. Therefore, to improve the stability of surrounding rock and reduce the load on the support, we should start from reducing the deformation and reducing the deformation pressure, and use the circular or elliptical section instead of the flexible support to adapt to the deformation of the surrounding rock.