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目的探讨新生儿随访门诊对极低出生体重儿智能发育的影响。方法选取2012年1月-2014年4月在该院新生儿监护病房治愈或好转出院的极低出生体重儿100例为研究对象。对所有患儿进行随访,分别于6个月和12个月对其身长、体重以及头围进行测量,且随访12个月时采用Gesell婴儿发育诊断量表检测其智能发育情况。结果 100例极低出生体重儿出院后2例失访,2例死亡(1例于出院后2个月死于重症肺炎,1例于出院后6个月死于婴儿肝炎并颅内出血),随访成功96例,随访率为96.00%。96例极低出生体重儿6个月和12个月的体格发育情况均明显落后于正常儿;96例极低出生体重儿1岁时,65例(67.71%)智力正常,31例(32.29%)智力低下,其中20例(20.83%)轻度智力低下、8例(8.33%)中度智力低下、3例(3.13%)重度智力低下。智力正常患儿早期教育、机械通气、脑室出血、内环境紊乱以及高胆红素血症等方面与智力低下患儿比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对极低出生体重儿出院后进行新生儿随访门诊,有助于对患儿进行及时有效地治疗,可减少各种并发症的发生概率。进行早期教育可促进极低出生体重儿的智能发育。
Objective To investigate the impact of neonatal follow-up clinic on the intellectual development of very low birth weight infants. Methods 100 cases of very low birth weight children who were cured or discharged from the hospital from January 2012 to April 2014 were selected as the study objects. All children were followed up for measurements of their length, weight and head circumference at 6 months and 12 months, respectively, and their intelligence development was measured using the Gesell Infant Developmental Diagnostic Scale at 12 months of follow-up. Results One hundred patients with very low birth weight were discharged and 2 were lost to follow-up. Two died (one died of severe pneumonia two months after discharge and one died of infant hepatitis and intracranial hemorrhage at six months after discharge) 96 cases were successful, the follow-up rate was 96.00%. 96 cases of very low birth weight children 1 year old, 65 cases (67.71%) of normal intelligence, 31 cases (32.29% ), Mental retardation, of which 20 cases (20.83%) had mild mental retardation, 8 cases (8.33%) had moderate mental retardation and 3 cases (3.13%) had severe mental retardation. Compared with children with mental retardation, there was significant difference (P <0.05) in children with normal intelligence, early education, mechanical ventilation, ventricular hemorrhage, internal environment disorders and hyperbilirubinemia. Conclusion Low-birth-weight infants discharged from hospital for follow-up of newborns are helpful to timely and effective treatment of children and reduce the incidence of various complications. Early education can promote the intelligent development of very low birth weight infants.