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玉琮是一种内圆外方的筒形玉器,为我国古代重要礼器之一,其基本形状是外体呈立方体,中穿一圆孔。《说文解字》上释“琮,瑞玉,大八寸,似车毂”。《白虎通·文质篇》载:“圆中牙身方外曰琮”。最早的玉琮见于安徽潜山薛家岗第三期文化,距今约5100年。玉琮盛于新石器时代至殷商,如江浙一带良渚文化遗址所出土的玉琮就最有特色和最著名,其中有的还雕有兽面纹饰。汉朝以后,玉琮极少出现。
Jade is a kind of inner circle of cylindrical jade, as one of the important ancient etiquette, its basic shape is the outer body was a cube, wearing a round hole. “Explain Word” on the release “琮, Ruiyu, big eight inches, like a car hub.” “White Tiger pass textual articles” contains: “round tooth body outside said 琮”. Jade was the earliest seen in Anhui buried Hill Xuejiagang third period of about 5100 years ago. Jade flourished in the Neolithic period to the Shang, such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang Liangzhu cultural relics unearthed on the most distinctive and most famous, some of which also carved animal pattern decoration. After the Han dynasty, jade is rare.