腹腔脓肿可大体分为上腹腔脓肿、下腹腔脓肿和盆腔脓肿。关于上腹腔脓肿,由于上腹腔区解剖区域解剖比较复杂,对一部分解剖结构,各学者在认识上有长期存在分歧,也影响了对上腹腔脓肿的分类及放射学征象的准确的解释。另一方面,上腹腔脓肿位置比较深邃,临床体征较少,诊断比较困难,致使早年曾有“总是哪里有脓肿,哪里也未能找到脓肿,脓肿就在膈下”一说。因此,在二三十年以前,上腹腔脓肿一说是临床工作中的一个难题,转难在术前得到准确的定位诊断。60年代后期以来,随着放射解剖学研究的进展和超声,尤其是将它们应用于腹腔脓肿的影像诊断和介入放射学处理,大大提高了上腹腔脓肿的正确诊断率和治愈率。 Abdominal abscess can be divided into upper abdominal abscess, abdominal abscess and pelvic abscess. With regard to the upper abdomen abscess, the dissection of the anatomic area in the upper abdominal cavity is rather complicated. For some anatomical structures, various scholars have long-standing differences in understanding, which also affects the classification of upper abdomen abscess and the accurate interpretation of radiological signs. On the other hand, the location of the abdominis abscess is rather deep, the clinical signs are less, and the diagnosis is more difficult. As a result, there were “early abscesses, abscesses and abscesses where abscesses were always found.” Therefore, twenty or thirty years ago, the abdomen of the upper abdomen is a clinical work in a difficult problem, difficult to get accurate positioning diagnosis before surgery. Since the late 1960s, with the progress of radiological anatomy and ultrasound, especially their application in imaging diagnosis and interventional radiology of abdominal abscess, the correct diagnosis rate and cure rate of abdomen abscess are greatly improved.