为了更好地保护古建筑,采取静力试验方法,以故宫太和殿二层平身科、柱头科、角科斗拱为对象,研究了竖向荷载作用下斗拱的受力性能。基于上述3种斗拱构造特征,制作了1∶2比例模型,进行了竖向加载试验,讨论了不同斗拱在荷载作用下的破坏形式、内力及变形特征,归纳了斗拱的竖向刚度计算模型。结果表明:竖向荷载作用下,太和殿二层斗拱的坐斗及与之相交的头翘、正心瓜拱容易产生破坏,且模型倒置时下层构件受力要小于上层构件。对于不同斗拱而言,斗拱极限承载力:平身科<角科<柱头科;斗拱变形及残余变形量:柱头科<角科<平身科;斗拱延性:角科<柱头科<平身科。竖向荷载作用下,太和殿二层斗拱的竖向刚度计算模型可简化为三折线段形式。 In order to protect the ancient buildings better, the static test method was used to study the mechanical behavior of the arch under the action of vertical load. Based on the above three kinds of arch structures, a 1: 2 ratio model was made and vertical loading tests were carried out. The failure forms, internal forces and deformations of different arch structures under load were discussed. The vertical stiffness calculation models of the arch structures were summarized. The results show that under the action of vertical load, the sitting of the second floor brackets of the Taihedian and the intersection of the head and the frontal curving arches are prone to damage. When the model is inverted, the stress of the lower member is smaller than that of the upper member. For different brackets, the ultimate carrying capacity of brackets: Plane Division