电信业诞生后,通讯基本上依赖于固定网络,网络建设投资大、成本高,建成以后不可转用于其他用途,网络经济是典型的规模经济,使用网络的用户越多,网络的覆盖面越广,单位成本就越低,经济效益就越好。所以传统上人们把电信与供电、供水、交通等行业称为自然垄断行业。的确,正如并列修建两条公路是浪费一样,并列铺设两条电话线路不如一条更有效率,这正是许多国家电信业垄断的技术经济原因。 自 20世纪 80年代以来,微波通讯技术和数字通讯技术革命不断催生新的服务方式,电信网络和服务的范围日益扩大,人们对于自然垄断的认识开 After the birth of telecom industry, communication basically relies on fixed network. The investment in network construction is large and the cost is high. After the completion of the telecom industry, it can not be diverted to other uses. The network economy is a typical economies of scale. The more users use the network, the wider the coverage of the network , The lower the unit cost, the better economic efficiency. So traditionally, people call the industries of telecommunications and power supply, water supply and transportation as natural monopoly industries. Indeed, just as it is wasteful to build two highways side by side, it is more efficient to lay two telephone lines side by side than one, which is the technical and economic reason for the monopoly of telecommunications in many countries. Since the 1980s, the microwave communication technology and the digital communication technology revolution have spawned new service modes, the coverage of telecommunication networks and services has been expanding, and people’s understanding of natural monopolies has been on