土壤熟化应理解为自然土壤经开垦后,在人类合理的种植、耕作、施肥(特别是施有机肥料)、灌溉和改良土壤等定向培育、管理条件下,使土壤的理化性状逐渐改善,有效肥力逐步提高,作物产量逐渐趋向高而稳定的过程,而不是相反。此即通常所说的,土壤由原来的生土变成熟土,熟土变成肥土,肥土变成油土的过程。这里需要特别强调的,是指在人类合理的耕种与定向培育的条件下,使土壤朝着适合农业生产要求的方向发展的耕地,而不是泛指所有的耕种土地。对于各种不合理耕种的耕地,如连年不施肥的耕地,水土流失的坡地,灌水不当而引起的次生盐渍化土壤等,尽管人们把它们也叫做耕作土壤,在分类上是不能与合理耕种逐步变好的熟化耕作土壤混为一谈。这是因为两者的成土条件和发展方向都存在着差异。不合理的耕种,导致土壤的变化是肥力减退,性质变坏,发展方向与合理耕种的熟化背道而驰,就无 Soil maturation should be understood as natural soil after reclamation, the rational cultivation of mankind, farming, fertilization (especially the application of organic fertilizer), irrigation and soil improvement and other directional cultivation, management, soil physical and chemical properties gradually improved, effective fertility Gradually increase, the crop yield tends to high and stable process, not the opposite. This is what is commonly said, the soil from the raw soil into mature soil, mature soil into fat soil, soil into fat soil into the process. What needs to be specially emphasized here is the cultivated land that develops soil in a direction suitable for agricultural production under the conditions of reasonable human cultivation and directional cultivation, rather than all cultivated land. For all kinds of unreasonable cultivation of arable land, such as years of non-fertilizing arable land, soil erosion of the slope, improper irrigation caused by secondary salinization of soil, although people call them farming soil, the classification can not be reasonable Cultivated gradually maturing cultivated soil mixed together. This is because there is a difference between the conditions of soil formation and the development direction of both. Unreasonable farming, leading to changes in soil fertility is diminished, the nature of the deterioration of the direction of development and rational cultivation of the aversion, without