出口和进口是我国对外贸易的“左右手”,缺一不可。然而,长期以来,进口在我国主要是作为补充供给不足的手段。尤其是在往日相对封闭的体制环境下,在资源相对短缺的年代里,进口更是几乎不与国内生产发生联系。进口既没有对国内产业造成损害的可能性,更鲜有人考虑如何利用进口优化我国的产业结构。但随着开放程度的不断加大特别是中国加入WTO,制度和市场环境都发生了巨大的变化,国内外市场间的壁垒被大量拆除,进口不再置于政府的绝对控制下。于是,国货和进口商品站在同一条起跑线上,“产业安全”问题由此成为国人关心的话题。近年来,中国进口的增长速度超过了出口,为此,有人担心他国的生产会通过进口贸易传导至我国市场,进而导致相应商品市场价格的大幅下降,冲击国内现有的一些产业。其中,汽车、化肥、钢材、农业等行业更是首当其冲。因此,如何尽快提高产业安全等问题日益受到人们的重视。维护产业安全,提升产业竞争力关系到中国能否处理好外贸发展速度与结构、质量与效益的关系,也关系到中国能否成功应对WTO后过渡期的复杂形势。那么,我们应该如何提高相关产业的安全系数呢? Export and import are the “left and right hand” of China’s foreign trade, both indispensable. However, for a long time, imports have been used mainly in our country as a means of supplementing the supply deficit. Especially in the relatively closed institutional environment of the past, in the era of relative shortage of resources, imports are hardly linked to domestic production. There is no possibility of import damage to domestic industries, and few consider how to use imports to optimize the industrial structure in our country. However, with the increasing opening up, especially China’s accession to the WTO, the system and market environment have undergone tremendous changes. Barriers between domestic and foreign markets have been largely dismantled, and imports are no longer under the government’s absolute control. As a result, domestic products and imported goods stood on the same starting line, and the issue of “industrial safety” thus became a topic of concern to the public. In recent years, the growth rate of China’s imports surpassed that of exports. For this reason, some people are worried that the production of other countries will be transmitted to our country through the import trade, leading to a drastic drop in the prices of the corresponding commodity markets and the impact on some existing industries in the country. Among them, automobile, fertilizer, steel, agriculture and other industries are the first to bear. Therefore, how to improve industrial safety and other issues is increasingly valued by people. Maintaining industrial safety and enhancing industrial competitiveness is related to whether China can handle the relationship between the pace of development of foreign trade and its structure, quality and efficiency and whether China can successfully cope with the complicated situation in the post-WTO transitional period. So, how should we improve the safety factor of related industries?