Ketogenic diet (KD) is a high fat, low protein, low carbohydrate diet. Its antiepileptic effect is certain but the underlying mechanism is unknown.1Mossy fiber sprouting in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus causes the synaptic reorganization in the hippocampus, which is an important cause of temporal lobe epilepsy in animals and humans.1,2 It is also essential to the genesis and development of epilepsy. As the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, glutamate plays a role in synaptic reorganization and development of epilepsy. In recent years, the role of glutamate receptor 5 (GluR5) in the genesis of seizures has attracted more and more attention of researchers and this receptor has become a candidate target of new antiepileptic drugs.3,4 In this study, we investigated the possible antiepileptic mechanism of KD in terms of synaptic reorganization and GluR5 expression, attempting to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new antiepileptic drugs.