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骨桥蛋白(OPN)是一种分子量约为60 KDa的糖基化磷蛋白,广泛分布于骨、脑、肾、肺以及肝等多种重要的脏器组织中。该蛋白通过与整合素、CD44V等受体结合,参与应激反应,癌症,骨重建,炎性反应以及感染等多种生理病理性进展。由于早期分泌OPN能够诱发细胞的激活,故OPN也被称为ETA-1(早期T淋巴细胞激活因子-1)。目前发现,OPN存在两种形式:一种是分泌型骨桥蛋白(sOPN),另一种是胞内型骨桥蛋白(iOPN)。在体内,二者通过不同的作用途径参与免疫调节过程。近年来,随着分子生物学的进展以及对神经退行性疾病研究的不断深入,发现OPN在神经退行性疾病中似乎发挥着双刃剑的作用,即在某些特定情况下,它能够激发神经毒性和神经元的死亡;而在其他情况下,它起到的是神经保护性作用。本文就OPN的结构特点、生物学功能以及在神经退行性病变中的作用进行简要归纳。
Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycosylated phosphoprotein with a molecular weight of about 60 KDa. It is widely distributed in many important organs such as bone, brain, kidney, lung and liver. The protein binds to receptors such as integrin and CD44V and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes such as stress response, cancer, bone remodeling, inflammatory reaction and infection. Since early secretion of OPN induces cell activation, OPN is also known as ETA-1 (early T-cell activating factor-1). It has been found that there are two forms of OPN: one is the secreted osteopontin (sOPN) and the other is the intracellular osteopontin (iOPN). In vivo, the two are involved in the immune regulation through different pathways of action. In recent years, along with the progress of molecular biology and the deepening of research on neurodegenerative diseases, it has been found that OPN plays a double-edged sword in neurodegenerative diseases, that is, under certain specific circumstances, it can stimulate nerves Toxicity and neuronal death; in other cases, it plays a neuroprotective role. This article summarizes the structural features, biological functions, and the role of OPN in neurodegenerative diseases.