一、序言如果发生核反应堆事故,放射性辐照量的估计是制定紧急反应计划的基础。现行估算的再校核表明,这些估算可能高了10倍或更多。若果真如此,公众对核安全问题的担心可能是过份了。我们对于处理事故的策略特別是撤离政策,可能有不正确的偏向。例如,对于反应堆事故和由此而引起的实际可能出现的放射性释放,居民的大量撤离不是最安全的策略,掩蔽似乎更好些(某些时候靠近的地点 I. INTRODUCTION In the event of a nuclear reactor accident, the estimation of radioactive exposure is the basis for developing an emergency response plan. Recalibration of current estimates suggests that these estimates may be 10 times more or more. If so, the public’s concern over nuclear safety may be excessive. Our policy on dealing with accidents, especially the withdrawal policy, may have an incorrect bias. For example, mass evacuation of inhabitants is not the safest tactic for a reactor accident and the resulting actual release of radioactivity and masking seems to be better (in some cases near places