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生态贫困的产生有自然和人为两种原因。近20年来,生态贫困的人为原因主要是政府和企业的工业化行动。工业化引致生态贫困有三个基本过程和形式,一是工业化造成土地占用和退化,二是工业化导致地质灾害发生,三是工业化导致污染源扩大。这三个过程和形式均影响农民的生产生活,导致收入降低、生活质量下降,从而使其陷入贫困状态。在我国中西部生态保护区,各级政府应提高认识、加强监管,出台相应的政策措施,纾解工业化与生态贫困的紧张关系。
There are two kinds of natural and man-made causes of ecological poverty. In the past 20 years, the cause of ecological poverty has mainly been the industrialization of the government and enterprises. Industrialization leads to three basic processes and forms of ecological poverty. First, industrialization causes land occupation and degradation. Second, industrialization leads to geological disasters. Third, industrialization leads to an increase in pollution sources. All three of these processes and forms affect peasants’ production and livelihood, resulting in lower incomes and declining quality of life, putting them into poverty. In the ecological protection zones in the central and western regions of China, all levels of government should raise their awareness, strengthen supervision and put in place corresponding policies and measures to ease the tension between industrialization and ecological poverty.