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在实际的历史写作中,部分历史学家运用反事实的方法,探究历史上的可能之事。无独有偶,海德格尔的主张也与此相似,他认为历史学的主要课题不是特殊的个体事件,也不是超乎个体事件的普遍规律,而是曾在的生存可能性。这两种观点不是为了探究历史上不曾发生过的事态,而是借此重新规定历史学的题材、性质和写作方式。但是,反事实研究所谓的可能性主要是指现成事物的偶或可能性,而海德格尔所谓的生存论上的可能性则是指此在的某种生存方式,两种可能性有着根本区别。
In the actual historical writing, some historians use the counterfactual method to explore the possible things in history. Coincidentally, Heidegger’s proposition is similar to this. He believes that the main issue of history is not a special individual event, nor is it a universal law beyond individual events, but rather a possibility of existence. These two views are not intended to probe what has never happened in history, but rather to redefine the theme, nature and way of writing of history. However, the so-called possibility of counterfactual research mainly refers to the evenness or possibility of ready-made things. The possibility of Heidegger’s so-called existentialism refers to the existence of some kind of existence and the fundamental difference between the two possibilities .