前言试验弹是发展弹头技术的一种重要手段。美国在发展战略弹道导弹的过程中,对每一种导弹型号的弹头事先都借助试验弹进行过全尺寸或者缩比模型的飞行试验,经过试验弹飞行试验的验证后才用于导弹型号的。美国先后用过的试验弹的种类比较多,试验的内容也比较广泛,各个时期试验研究的重点也有所不同。从整个发展过程来看,美国试验弹的发展大致经历了三个阶段。第一阶段是在五十年代中期至六十年代初,主要是解决弹头再入的防热问题 Introduction Test shells are an important means of developing warhead technology. In the course of developing strategic ballistic missiles, the United States conducted flight tests on full-size or reduced-size models of each type of missile warhead in advance with the aid of a test bomb and was used only for the missile model after being verified by a test flight test. The types of test bombs that the United States has used have been relatively large, and the contents of the tests have also been relatively extensive. The focus of experimental studies in various periods has also been different. Judging from the entire development process, the development of the U.S. test bomb has gone through roughly three stages. The first stage was from the mid-1950s to the early 1960s, mainly to solve the heat-resisting issue of warhead reentry