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基于复合材料孔隙率与材料密度、超声波纵波声速之间的内在联系,采用超声水浸底波反射回波法,利用5 MHz平探头测量碳纤维单向增强复合材料超声声阻抗。借助金相显微镜测试复合材料孔隙率,并利用实验进行参数标定后,建立了超声声阻抗与碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料孔隙率P的经验公式。对0.03%≤P≤2.21%同批复合材料试样进行实验验证,发现声阻抗法测量结果与金相法测量结果相符。利用该方法测量孔隙率,无须测量材料声速和密度,且测量结果受孔隙形貌影响较小,易于实现,在复合材料孔隙率无损检测方面具有可行性。
Based on the intrinsic relationship between composite porosity and material density and ultrasonic longitudinal wave velocity, ultrasonic acoustic immersion bottom wave reflection echo method was used to measure the ultrasonic acoustic impedance of carbon fiber unidirectional reinforced composites with a 5 MHz flat probe. The porosity and porosity of the composites were measured by metallographic microscope. After the parameters were calibrated by experiments, the empirical formula of ultrasonic acoustic impedance and porosity P of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites was established. Experiments on 0.03% ≤ P ≤ 2.21% of the same batch of composite samples were carried out. The results of acoustic impedance method and metallographic method were consistent. Using this method to measure porosity, there is no need to measure the velocity of sound and density of the material, and the measurement results are less affected by the pore morphology and easy to implement. It is feasible in non-destructive testing of composite porosity.