政府在思想史上的不同时期在经济系统中有什么作用,是怎样发挥作用的,是经济学和政治学研究的重要课题。本文从前古典经济学中不同经济学派角度出发,包括古希腊人的贡献和经院学派、重商主义和重农主义学派,阐述了当时的主要经济政策以及政府在这些时期的经济作用。 How government plays a role in the economic system in different periods of the history of thought is an important issue in the study of economics and political science. Starting from the perspectives of different schools of economics in classical economics, including the contribution of the ancient Greeks and the schools of scholasticism, mercantilism and agrarianism, this article expounds the major economic policies of the time and the economic role of the government in these periods.