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Under abiotic stress,the calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) in plant species are activated by the fluctuated Ca2+ levels in cytoplasm and thereby provide a mechanism to decode calcium signals.In this paper,twenty-two rice CDPK genes were identified based on scanning the rice genome released in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).It was found that there were dramatic differences on the DNA length,cDNA length,open reading frame (ORF) and the translated amino acids among the rice CDPK genes,with the highest diversity on the DNA length.Calculations of the exon/intron numbers and the lengths of exon and intron revealed that all of the rice CDPK genes had the longest exon at the position of exon 1,but the lengths of introns in different genes showed different pattes.The gene structure and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the rice CDPK genes had derived at least from two different ancestors during the evolution.The expression analysis elucidated that the rice CDPK genes showed different pattes under normal growth (CK) and salt stress condition,including constitutively expression (OsCDPK4,OsCDPK18,OsCDPK19 and OsCDPK24),down- or up-regulated in roots by salt stress (OsCDPK10 and OsCDPK16),up-regulated in leaves by salt stress (OsCDPK6,OsCDPK20 and OsCDPK13),and no detected transcripts under CK and salt stress condition.There-fore,the members of rice CDPK gene family should be evolutionally divergent and several members could play an important role in transducing the signal of salt stress.