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为查明乌鲁木齐地区蜘蛛群落特征及其变化,2008年4月7月及9月中旬对该区6种不同生境蜘蛛群落特征进行了调查,共获得蜘蛛2195只,分别隶属于28科47属71种。在六种不同生境共有的优势类群为狼蛛科Lycosidae、跳蛛科Salticidae、园蛛科Araneidae和蟹蛛科Thomisidae等四科,占总捕获量的54.94%。常见类群为逍遥蛛科Philodromidae、球腹蛛科Theridiidae、狡蛛科Dolomedidae、妩蛛科Uloboridae、漏斗网蛛科Agelenidae、幽灵蛛科Pholcidae、皿网蛛科Linyphiidae等7科,占总捕获量的34.52%,其余7科为稀有类群,仅占总捕获量的4.54%。不同生境所获得蜘蛛个体数和类群数之间差异均为显著(P<0.05),其个体数顺序为自然榆林>草地>防护林>居民点>果园>菜地,类群数顺序为自然榆林>防护林>草地>果园>居民点>菜地。不同生境蜘蛛组成和数量分布在不同季节之间差异较大,个体数在不同季节之间差异均为显著(P<0.05),其顺序为夏季>春季>秋季。以上结果表明,乌鲁木齐地区蜘蛛资源比较丰富,生境类型影响蜘蛛群落分布格局,植被丰富度和人为干扰是影响蜘蛛群落的重要因素。
In order to find out the characteristics and changes of spider communities in Urumqi, the characteristics of spider communities in six different habitats were investigated in April and July, 2008 and mid-September 2008, respectively. A total of 2195 spiders were obtained, belonging to 28 families and 47 genera and 71 families Species. The dominant groups shared in six different habitats were Lycosidae, Salticidae, Araneidae and Thomisidae, accounting for 54.94% of the total catch. The common groups are Philodromidae, Theridiidae, Dolomedidae, Uloboridae, Agelenidae, Pholcidae and Linyphiidae, accounting for 34.52% of the total catch %, The remaining seven families for rare species, accounting for only 4.54% of the total catch. The individual numbers of spiders and the number of taxa in different habitats were significantly different (P <0.05). The order of individual numbers was natural Yulin> grassland> shelterbelt> residential area> orchard> vegetable field, with the order of natural Yulin> shelterbelts > Grass> orchard> settlements> vegetable fields. The composition and distribution of spiders in different habitats differed greatly between different seasons, and the differences among individuals in different seasons were significant (P <0.05), with the order of summer> spring> autumn. The above results show that there are abundant spider resources in Urumqi. The habitat types affect the distribution pattern of spider communities, vegetation richness and man-made disturbance are important factors that affect the spider community.