提出制备敏化硝酸铵的几个途径 ,重点阐述硝酸铵真空膨化改性结晶机制、膨化设备和膨化剂的作用 ,确定了优化的工艺条件。在表面活性剂作用下的真空改性结晶方法 ,是制造综合性能优良的“无梯”和“少梯”类膨化硝铵炸药的核心技术 ,也是当前的最佳技术途径。 Some ways to prepare sensitized ammonium nitrate were put forward. The mechanism of the vacuum crystallization of ammonium nitrate was expounded emphatically, the function of expanding equipment and bulking agent were clarified, and the optimized technological conditions were determined. The method of vacuum modification and crystallization under the action of surfactants is the core technology for manufacturing “no ladder” and “little ladder” type expanded ammonium nitrate explosives with excellent comprehensive performance and is also the best technical way at present.