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目的:分析急诊低钠血症(HN)患者的病因及预后情况。方法:对2011年6月至2014年6月我院收治的100例HN患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析其常见病因及影响其预后的相关因素。结果:在本组患者中,有35例患者因发生高血压及高血压合并脑血管疾病而导致HN,有7例患者因患恶性肿瘤而导致HN,有51例患者因患肺炎或其他肺病而导致HN,有4例患者因患冠心病等心脏病而导致HN,有3例患者因患肝硬化而导致HN。在本组患者中,年龄在65周岁以上的患者有8例(占8%),年龄在65周岁以下的患者有92例(占92%)。本组患者在接受积极的救治后,有8例年龄大于65岁的重症HN患者发生死亡,其余患者的病情均被治愈。进行HNLogistic回归分析的结果显示,血钠水平和年龄是影响HN患者预后的关键因素,其中血钠水平对HN患者预后的影响最为显著。结论:心血管系统疾病、肿瘤疾病和肺病是导致HN主要的原发病。与年龄较小的患者相比,年龄较大的低钠血症患者发生死亡的几率可明显增高。血钠水平过低和年龄偏高是影响HN患者预后的关键因素,其中血钠水平过低对HN患者预后的影响最为显著。
Objective: To analyze the etiology and prognosis of patients with acute hyponatremia (HN). Methods: The clinical data of 100 cases of HN admitted from June 2011 to June 2014 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The common etiology and related factors that affected its prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 35 patients in our cohort, HN was associated with hypertension and hypertension with cerebrovascular disease, 7 with HN due to malignancy and 51 with pneumonia or other lung disease Leading to HN, 4 patients with HN due to heart disease such as coronary heart disease and 3 patients with HN due to cirrhosis. Of the patients in this group, 8 (8%) were over 65 years old and 92 (92%) were under 65 years of age. In this group of patients receiving active treatment, 8 cases of HN patients older than 65 years of age died of the disease, the rest of the patients were cured. The results of HNLogistic regression analysis showed that serum sodium level and age were the key factors affecting the prognosis of HN patients. The serum sodium level had the most significant effect on the prognosis of HN patients. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases and lung diseases are the major primary causes of HN. Compared with younger patients, the incidence of death in older patients with hyponatremia can be significantly increased. Low serum sodium and high age are the key factors affecting the prognosis of patients with HN, in which low serum sodium has the most significant impact on the prognosis of patients with HN.