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在平屋顶建筑中,常采用沥青油毡的防水做法。长期以来的实践表明,这种做法是能够满足要求的,但也发现了一些缺点。这主要表现为:一、防水层出现鼓泡、破裂、滲漏;二、防水层过早老化,大大缩短使用年限;三、屋顶内部或表面产生凝结。其主要原因是屋顶内部存在湿气以及湿气的迁移;防水层基层的移动以及外界气候的影响。油毡平屋顶所暴露出来的缺陷综合地反映了材料、结构、建筑热工和施工等方面的问题。很多国家对此进行了多方面的研究和试验,不断改进并创造新的平屋顶防水方法。他们的研究工作主要表现在努力改进材性、构造设计以及施工方法这三个方面。具体说来,大体上有下面这几种较新的防水做法。
In flat roof construction, waterproofing of bitumen tar mats is often used. The long-term practice shows that this approach can meet the requirements, but also found some shortcomings. This is mainly manifested as: First, bubbling, cracking, leakage of the waterproof layer; Second, the premature aging of the waterproof layer, greatly shortening the service life; Third, the interior of the roof or surface condensation. The main reason for this is the migration of moisture and moisture inside the roof; the movement of the basement of the waterproof layer and the influence of the external climate. The defects exposed on the flat roof of the linoleum comprehensively reflect problems in materials, structures, building thermal engineering and construction. Many countries have carried out many researches and experiments on this, continuously improving and creating new flat roof waterproofing methods. Their research work is mainly reflected in the three aspects of improving the material properties, structural design, and construction methods. Specifically, there are basically the following newer waterproof practices.