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偷梁换柱,指用偷换的办法,暗中改换事物的本质和内容,以达蒙混欺骗的目的。命题者在设置阅读理解题的选项时常用偷梁换柱的手法设置干扰项,他们运用原文中的句子结构和大部分的词汇,只是在不起眼的地方换一个或几个词,造成意思的变化。这告诉我们,在辨别信息时,一定要非常仔细,尤其是选项的结构和词汇与原文相关的结构和词汇相似时,更要注意当中是否有词汇被调换了。用偷梁换柱法设置干扰项,就是利用考生时间紧,大凡粗粗一读,来不及细看,或来不及把选项读到底的倾向,在选项的前半句或前大半句中用原文的结构和词汇,只是在最后换了几个词,而使考生出错。请看几个例子:
例1 ...Lately I’ve been busy in Beijing having meetings to discuss my new movie. I also attended John Wu’s ceremony of his new movie, Red Cliff, which took two years to complete. I’m good friends with director John Wu and the main actor Tony Leung…
This song was written by Chang Shilei. I sing this song together with Tan Jing. Tan Shilei is a naturally talented musician. He also has an interesting habit. His piano is placed beside his bed. When he wakes up, he plays the piano until he’s tired, then he lies down to sleep.
What can we infer from the text?
A. It took the author two years to finish the movie Red Cliff...
C. Chang Shilei is a famous actor who is good at playing the piano.
该题的选项A和C就是用偷梁换柱的方法设置的干扰项。在A中,took two years to finish the movie Red Cliff与原文中的which took two years to complete是完全一样的,但原文中是the movie Red Cliff took John Wu two years to complete,而不是the author。在选项C中,有关Chang Shilei的信息只有一点不符原文,即他不是actor而是musician。
例2 ...After flying other cheap airlines, such as Wizzair and Easyjet, I have to say Ryanair is the worst I have ever experienced. it is the most uncomfortable airline I have ever flown with...
What is implied in paragraph two?
A. Ryanair is the worst airline in the world.
此题中的选项A也属于偷梁换柱的干扰项。原文中是说Ryanair is the worst I have ever experienced,而在选项中I have ever experienced被换成了in the world,造成与原文不符。
例3 Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?
A. Counting the beating of one’s own heart.
B. Making use of candles, sand and water.
C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.
D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.
此题中的答案D就是属于偷梁换柱的选项,此选项与原文的第三段的第一句的后半部分“but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time”看似相差无几,但把to tell the time偷换成了busy day and night,从而制造了keep slaves to tell the time (养一些报时的奴隶)和keep slaves busy (让奴隶忙碌)的不同。
责任编校蒋小青
例1 ...Lately I’ve been busy in Beijing having meetings to discuss my new movie. I also attended John Wu’s ceremony of his new movie, Red Cliff, which took two years to complete. I’m good friends with director John Wu and the main actor Tony Leung…
This song was written by Chang Shilei. I sing this song together with Tan Jing. Tan Shilei is a naturally talented musician. He also has an interesting habit. His piano is placed beside his bed. When he wakes up, he plays the piano until he’s tired, then he lies down to sleep.
What can we infer from the text?
A. It took the author two years to finish the movie Red Cliff...
C. Chang Shilei is a famous actor who is good at playing the piano.
该题的选项A和C就是用偷梁换柱的方法设置的干扰项。在A中,took two years to finish the movie Red Cliff与原文中的which took two years to complete是完全一样的,但原文中是the movie Red Cliff took John Wu two years to complete,而不是the author。在选项C中,有关Chang Shilei的信息只有一点不符原文,即他不是actor而是musician。
例2 ...After flying other cheap airlines, such as Wizzair and Easyjet, I have to say Ryanair is the worst I have ever experienced. it is the most uncomfortable airline I have ever flown with...
What is implied in paragraph two?
A. Ryanair is the worst airline in the world.
此题中的选项A也属于偷梁换柱的干扰项。原文中是说Ryanair is the worst I have ever experienced,而在选项中I have ever experienced被换成了in the world,造成与原文不符。
例3 Whether or not we are slaves of time today depends on our culture and personality, but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time. Certain men were very clever at measuring the time of clay according to the beating of their own hearts. They were made to stand in a fixed place and every hour or so would shout the time. So it seems that the first clocks were human beings.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to measure the time?
A. Counting the beating of one’s own heart.
B. Making use of candles, sand and water.
C. Observing shadows cast by the sun.
D. Keeping slaves busy day and night.
此题中的答案D就是属于偷梁换柱的选项,此选项与原文的第三段的第一句的后半部分“but it is believed that many years ago kings kept special slaves to tell the time”看似相差无几,但把to tell the time偷换成了busy day and night,从而制造了keep slaves to tell the time (养一些报时的奴隶)和keep slaves busy (让奴隶忙碌)的不同。
责任编校蒋小青