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目的了解我国15个省区汉族学生形态发育的现状。方法以2004年学生体质监测7~18岁汉族学生共161 477人作为研究对象,对城市、乡村以及不同地区学生的身高、体重和胸围进行比较。结果7~18岁城市学生的生长发育水平明显优于乡村学生,各年龄组男女生身高、体重、胸围3项指标的均值变化均为城市大于乡村,表现出明显的城乡差异。12岁组城市与乡村男生平均身高分别为152.78和148.66 cm(差值为4.12 cm),城市与乡村女生平均身高分别为152.68和149.24 cm(差值为3.44 cm);12岁组城市与乡村男生平均体重分别为44.75和39.27 kg(差值为5.48 kg),城市与乡村女生平均体重分别为42.91和39.17 kg(差值为3.74 kg);12岁组城市男女生的平均胸围分别大于乡村男女生3.68 cm和2.56 cm。东部沿海地区7~14岁组男女生身高、体重的平均值均大于西南、西北和中部地区,差异有统计学意义;西南地区各年龄组学生身高、体重的平均值均为全国最低,差异有统计学意义。结论应进一步重视西部以及农村地区学生的体质健康,加强学生营养和体质改善工作,提高学生的生长发育水平。
Objective To understand the status of morphological development of Han students in 15 provinces in China. Methods A total of 161 477 Chinese Han students aged 7-18 years were monitored with the students’ physical constitution in 2004 as the objects of study to compare the height, weight and chest circumference of students in urban, rural areas and different regions. Results The growth and development of urban students from 7 to 18 years old were significantly better than that of rural students. The average changes of height, weight and chest circumference of 3 boys and girls in all age groups were all larger than that in rural areas, showing obvious differences between urban and rural areas. The average height of urban boys in urban and rural areas was 152.78 and 148.66 cm respectively (the difference was 4.12 cm) in 12-year-old group and 152.68 and 149.24 cm respectively in urban and rural areas (difference was 3.44 cm). Urban and rural boys The average body weight was 44.75 and 39.27 kg (5.48 kg difference) respectively. The mean body weights of urban girls and urban girls were 42.91 and 39.17 kg (difference, 3.74 kg) 3.68 cm and 2.56 cm. The average height and weight of boys and girls aged 7-14 in the eastern coastal areas were greater than those in the southwestern, northwestern and central regions, the differences were statistically significant. The average height and weight of students in all age groups in the southwestern region were the lowest Statistical significance. Conclusions Should pay more attention to the physical health of students in western and rural areas, to enhance students nutrition and physical fitness to improve students’ level of growth and development.