“君子”是孔子思想中一个重要概念,《论语》对它进行了方方面面的阐释,包括对待学习、道德修养、理想境界等。而孔子对其弟子“因材施教”式的教导,是建立在一种统一人格的基础之上的,那便是“君子”这一人格楷模。因此,要想分析孔子是如何因材施教的,必须首先疏解他与群弟子对“君子”人格的规范。这种阅读经典的方法是抓住一词在一部经典中的出现语境,综观其旨归,从而管窥《论语》体现的育人思想,可以称为“一叶知秋”法。 Gentleman is an important concept in Confucianism. The Analects of Confucius has explained it in all aspects, including learning, moral cultivation, ideal state and so on. Confucius, on the other hand, teaches his disciples that “teaching students according to their aptitude” is based on a unified personality, that is, the “gentleman” personality model. Therefore, in order to analyze how Confucius taught students according to their aptitude, we must first ease the norms of his “gentleman” personality with his disciples. This method of reading the classic is to seize the context of the emergence of a word in a classic, and to look at its purpose, so as to give a glimpse of the educational thoughts embodied in The Analects, which can be called the law of knowing one’s own leaf.