当今,地质科学正面临重大的理论和方法的突破。回顾地质学发展的历史,人们可以看出:新理论、新方法的引入和应用有时竟起着“划时代”的作用。19世纪上半纪,古生物方法的提出,使历史地质学代替了描述地质学。1928年发明偏光显微镜和1850年研制出薄片,显微方法的应用使地质科学进入了微观世界。20世纪前半纪,丹纳地槽学说成为当时最重要 Nowadays, geological science is facing major breakthroughs in theory and method. Recalling the history of the development of geology, one can see: the introduction and application of new theories and new methods sometimes play a “landmark” role. The first half of the nineteenth century, the proposed method of paleontology, so that the history of geology instead of describing the geology. Polariscope invented in 1928 and in 1850 developed a sheet, the application of microscopic methods of geological science into the micro-world. In the first half of the twentieth century, Danner’s theory of the trough became the most important at the time