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建立了缓冲梁结构焊接有限元模型,利用有限元法分析了焊接残余应力分布规律.结果表明:应力模拟结果与采用压痕应变法实测结果吻合较好,模型可靠;缓冲梁下翼板边部和工艺孔区域存在较大且分布不均匀的焊接应力,工件挂的焊接对下翼板边部应力分布影响较大;采用A6N01铝合金代替A7N01铝合金作为母材可有效降低缓冲梁结构应力,当角补板和缓冲梁整体成型时,原焊缝附近的残余拉应力明显降低,采用双人对称同时施焊能显著降低缓冲梁下翼板的残余拉应力.
The welding finite element model of the bumper beam structure was established and the distribution law of welding residual stress was analyzed by finite element method.The results show that the stress simulation results are in good agreement with the measured results by indentation strain method and the model is reliable. And the hole area of the process has large and uneven distribution of welding stress. The welding of the work piece has a great influence on the stress distribution in the lower wing edge. Using A6N01 aluminum alloy instead of A7N01 aluminum alloy as the base material can effectively reduce the structural stress of the bumper beam, The residual tensile stress in the vicinity of the original weld is significantly reduced when the corner fillet and the bumper beam are integrally formed. The double symmetry simultaneous welding can significantly reduce the residual tensile stress of the baffle under the bumper beam.