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目的了解广安市2011年-2012年手足口病的病原学特征,为手足口病的防控提供病原学依据。方法用实时荧光RT-PCR方法对广安市各区市县采集的243例手足口病临床诊断病例进行肠道病毒核酸检测和型别鉴定。结果243例手足口病临床诊断病例中,检测到肠道病毒核酸阳性164例,阳性率为67.45%,其中EV71阳性105例,占阳性病例的64.02%,CoxA16阳性33例,占阳性病例的20.12%,未分型26例,占阳性病例的15.85%,5例重症病例(死亡1例)均为EV71阳性;全年流行呈现两个高峰,第一个高峰为4月-7月,第二个高峰为10月-12月,发病主要集中在4岁以下儿童,占93.90%,人群以散居及托幼儿童为主,不同性别儿童阳性率差别无统计学意义(χ2=2.34,P>0.05)。结论 2011年-2012年引起广安市手足口病流行的病原体主要是EV71,其次是CoxA16和其它未分型肠道病毒。EV71是引起重症和死亡病例的主要毒株。4岁以下散居及托幼儿童为本地手足口病的高危人群。
Objective To understand the etiological characteristics of HFMD in Guang’an from 2011 to 2012 and provide etiological evidence for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The real-time fluorescent RT-PCR method was used to detect 243 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease collected from districts and counties in Guang’an. Results Of the 243 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease clinically diagnosed, 164 cases were detected positive for enterovirus nucleic acid with a positive rate of 67.45%, of which 105 were EV71 positive, accounting for 64.02% of the positive cases, 33 positive for CoxA16 and 20.12 positive cases %, 26 cases were not typed, accounting for 15.85% of the positive cases, 5 cases of severe cases (1 died) were EV71 positive; the annual epidemic showed two peaks, the first peak in April-July, the second The peak was from October to December. The incidence mainly concentrated in children under 4 years old, accounting for 93.90%. The population was dominated by diaspora and nursery children. There was no significant difference in the positive rates among children of different genders (χ2 = 2.34, P> 0.05 ). Conclusion The pathogens causing HFMD in Guang’an City in 2011-2012 are mainly EV71, followed by CoxA16 and other undifferentiated enteroviruses. EV71 is the major cause of severe and fatal cases. Under 4 years of age diaspora and kindergarten children are high risk of HFMD.