癌基因的发现和研究是肿瘤分子生物学中最引人注目的事件。目前已发现17种逆转录病毒的癌基因(v-onc),在脊椎动物细胞中均有与这些v-onc相对应的同源序列,称为细胞癌基因(c-onc)或原癌基因(pro-to-onc),在人细胞中也鉴定出十来种c-onc(表1).一般认为细胞癌变过程中首先需 Oncogene discovery and research are the most striking events in tumor molecular biology. Seventeen retroviral oncogenes (v-onc) have been found, all having homologous sequences in vertebrate cells corresponding to these v-onc, termed c-onc or proto-oncogene (pro-to-onc), in human cells also identified ten kinds of c-onc (Table 1) is generally believed that the first step in the process of cancerous cells