目的探讨儿童过敏性紫癜(HSP)的病因、临床表现及预后特点,提高对该病的认识,并提高诊疗水平。方法回顾性分析2012年1月~2016年11月住院的HSP患儿资料,包括年龄、性别、发病时间、病史、实验室检查、治疗方法等做归类分析。结果 156例HSP患儿中,男35例(62.5%),女22例(37.5%),男女比为1.67,发病年龄4~12岁,病程5~14d。发病季节,春季6例(10.7%),夏季3例(5.4%),秋季25例(44.6%),冬季22例(39.3%)。2临床分型:单纯型28例(50.0%),腹型11例(19.6%),关节型7例(12.5%),肾型10例(17.9%)。查血常规白细胞高者13例(23.2%);血沉高者7例(12.5%)。356例患儿中大部分曾经在2~3周内或入院时存在感染,2例在入院之前曾经接种疫苗。56例患儿预后良好,无死亡病例,均治愈或好转出院。结论 HSP患儿,学龄前期及学龄期是发病高峰;秋、冬季多发;首发临床表现主要为皮肤紫癜,预后较好。 Objective To investigate the etiology, clinical manifestations and prognosis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) in children, to improve the understanding of the disease and to improve the diagnosis and treatment. Methods A retrospective analysis of January 2012 to November 2016 hospitalized children with HSP, including age, gender, onset time, medical history, laboratory tests, treatment methods such as classification analysis. Results Among 156 cases of HSP, 35 (62.5%) were male and 22 (37.5%) were female, the odds ratio was 1.67. The age of onset was from 4 to 12 years old and the course of disease was from 5 to 14 days. In the onset season, there were 6 cases (10.7%) in spring, 3 cases (5.4%) in summer, 25 cases (44.6%) in autumn and 22 cases (39.3%) in winter. 2 clinical classification: simple type in 28 cases (50.0%), abdomen in 11 cases (19.6%), joint type in 7 cases (12.5%), renal type in 10 cases (17.9%). Thirteen patients (23.2%) had high blood routine white blood cells and 7 patients (12.5%) had elevated blood levels. Most of 356 children were infected within 2 to 3 weeks or at admission, and 2 were vaccinated before admission. 56 cases of children with a good prognosis, no deaths, were cured or better discharged. Conclusions The incidence of HSP in preschool children and school-age children is the peak of onset. The incidence of HSP is high in autumn and winter. The primary clinical manifestations are skin purpura, and the prognosis is good.