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第一章1.简述统计学的三大源流(1)英国政治算术学派。它的代表人物是威廉·配第(1623-1687年),还有约翰·格朗特(1620-1674年)。主要是用度量的方法研究处理具体的社会现象,或利用所找到的数量关系,对人口发展等进行初步的推算和预测。(2)德国记述学派。它的代表人物是海尔曼·康令(1606-1681年),还有阿亨华尔(1719-1772年)。它主要对国家重要事项或对欧洲各国国情以大事记的形式进行记述,但由于缺少统计学中最重要的数量分析,因此其弱点很大。(3)法国概率论学派。产生于17世纪中叶,到18世纪初,由伯努里(1654-1708年)等人把概率理论系统化,并加以发展。以后由拉普拉斯、(1749-1827年)等人将这一原理用来观察和计算天体误差。
The first chapter 1. Brief statistics of the three major sources (1) British political and mathematical school. Its representatives are William Matti (1623-1687) and John Grant (1620-1744). It mainly uses the method of measurement to study and deal with specific social phenomena or make use of the quantity relationship found to make preliminary projections and projections of population development. (2) German narrative school. Its representatives are Helena Conran (1606-1681), and Achenwal (1719-1772). It mainly accounts for important issues in the country or in the form of memorabilia on the national conditions of European countries. However, its lack of the most important quantitative analysis in statistics makes it very vulnerable. (3) French Probability School. Produced in the mid-seventeenth century, to the early eighteenth Century, Bernoulli (1654-1708) and others to probability theory systematized and developed. Later, Laplace, (1749-1827) and others used this principle to observe and calculate celestial body errors.