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目的了解沈阳市居民的死亡水平、死因模式以及死亡率的变化趋势,为积极有效开展疾病防制措施、延长寿命提供科学依据。方法利用1992—2008年沈阳市居民死因监测资料,分析死因构成、死亡率及其变化趋势。结果1992—2008年沈阳市居民年均粗死亡率662.4/10万,标化死亡率为615.7/10万,粗死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,标化死亡率呈下降趋势,年度变化百分比分别为1.8%和2%,标化死亡率男性高于女性。前5位的主要死因依次为恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、心脏病、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病,占总死亡的83.7%。标化死亡率呈下降趋势的是脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、传染病、妊娠,分娩和产褥期并发症、精神障碍、肌肉骨骼和结缔组织疾病(P<0.05),呈上升趋势的是损伤与中毒和其他疾病(P<0.05)。结论慢性非传染性疾病是危害该市居民健康的主要死因,并且人口老龄化程度和损伤与中毒死亡有明显上升趋势,因此加强预防和控制慢性病是当务之急,同时建议关注人口老龄化问题并应尽快把伤害纳入疾病预防控制规划。
Objective To understand the level of death, the cause of death and the trend of death in Shenyang residents, and provide a scientific basis for active and effective prevention and treatment of diseases and prolongation of life expectancy. Methods The data of death causes of residents in Shenyang city from 1992 to 2008 were used to analyze the cause of death, mortality rate and its changing trend. Results From 1992 to 2008, the average annual death rate of residents in Shenyang was 662.4 / 100 000 with a standardized mortality rate of 615.7 / 100 000. The crude mortality rate showed an upward trend year by year and the normalized mortality rate showed a downward trend with annual percentages of 1.8 % And 2%, the standard mortality of men than women. The top five causes of death were malignant tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes, accounting for 83.7% of the total deaths. The downward trend in the standardized mortality rate was a rising trend in cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, infectious diseases, complications of pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium, mental disorders, musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases (P <0.05) The damage was associated with poisoning and other diseases (P <0.05). Conclusions Chronic non-communicable diseases are the main cause of death and endangering the health of residents in this city. And the population aging rate and injury and poisoning death have obviously increased. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the prevention and control of chronic diseases. Inclusion of injuries in disease prevention and control programs.