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在很久以前,宇宙中的几百万颗恒星造出了组成地球的物质。每颗恒星就是一座化学元素工厂,能把氢和氦转变成其他质量大的元素。到了演化的末期,有些恒星会爆炸,而把组成的物质散到宇宙中。到了约60亿年前,有些星尘聚集在一起形成了地球和太阳系中的其他行星。自从地球形成后,就重组了构成的化学元素。它坚硬的地表看来是由各种复杂的岩石所组成。其实,地球上的大部分岩石只是由少数几种矿物所构成。已知的化学元素有100多种,然而在地球上的主要造岩矿物里发现的却少于10种。组成地球的矿物是由微小的原子结合而成,这些原子又是由更小的粒子组成,有质子、电子和中子。
A long time ago, millions of stars in the universe created the material that made up the Earth. Each star is a chemical element factory, can convert hydrogen and helium into other mass elements. By the end of evolution, some stars explode, leaving the constituent substances in the universe. About 6 billion years ago, some dust stars gathered to form the planets and other planets in the solar system. Since the formation of the Earth, the chemical elements formed have been reorganized. Its hard surface appears to consist of a variety of complex rocks. In fact, most of the earth’s rocks are composed of only a few minerals. There are over 100 known chemical elements, however less than 10 are found in the major rock-forming minerals on Earth. The minerals that make up the earth are made up of tiny atoms, which in turn are made of smaller particles, with protons, electrons, and neutrons.