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为了探讨温度对迁飞性昆虫空中群体聚集成层等行为的作用机制,在室内利用自行设计的连续温度梯度发生装置对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera在飞行过程中的温度选择行为进行了研究。结果表明:在存在明显温差的连续温度梯度中,所有棉铃虫飞行个体均对温度具有显著的选择行为。棉铃虫试虫群体表现出对空间最优飞行温度共同的主动选择,选择的温度范围是20～22℃之间;在这一温度范围内棉铃虫的振翅频率最高,持续振翅时间最长。对不同温度梯度条件下各温度区间内试虫的飞行时间进行定量比较发现,在16～22℃温度梯度场中的棉铃虫群体对最适温度的选择比在19～30℃的温度梯度场中的群体更显著,表明在温度较低的迁飞季节中温度对迁飞棉铃虫空中虫群聚集成层的影响要比在高温季节更明显。持续飞行时间对棉铃虫振翅频率的影响明显,表明昆虫迁飞高度与昆虫自身能量的消耗存在联系。
In order to study the mechanism of action of temperature on the behavior of migratory insects, such as the accumulation of layers in the air, the temperature selection behavior of Helicoverpa armigera in flight was studied indoors by using a continuous temperature gradient generator designed by ourselves. The results showed that in all the continuous temperature gradients with obvious temperature differences, all the individuals of H. armigera had significant temperature selection behavior. The population of Helicoverpa armigera showed the common active choice for the optimum space flight temperature. The selected temperature range was between 20 ℃ and 22 ℃. In this temperature range, the frequency of vibration of the bollworm was the highest, . The quantitative comparison of flight time of insects in different temperature gradients showed that the choice of the optimum temperature for cotton bollworm population in the temperature gradient field of 16-22 ℃ was more than that in the temperature gradient field of 19-30 ℃ The results showed that the effect of temperature on the accumulation of airborne swarm in migratory bollworm was more significant than that in the hot season in the low temperature during the migration season. The effect of continuous flight time on the frequency of wingworm of H. armigera was significant, indicating that the insect migration height is related to the insect’s own energy consumption.