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一、利用主题句，找出文眼
一般来说，作者会把自己要表达的观点利用主题句的方式呈现给读者。主题句有时在文首，有时在文尾，偶尔也可能在文中。作者往往利用主题句来命题，让读者一目了然。例：
People often say, “Even without stepping out of my house I know all that has been happening in the world.”
I think that is quite true.
We get all kinds of news from newspapers. This helps us to understand the developing world, without having to go to the places where events are actually（really）taking place.
Newspapers not only carry news but also teach us many useful things, such as first aid, cooking, playing chess, how to take good photographs and enrich us with common sense.
Reading a newspaper can widen our scope（view）of knowledge. It helps us improve our writing. We can also learn many new words from newspapers.
Because of all these advantages, I like to read newspapers.
What would be the best title for the text?
A. Don’t Step Out of Your House
B .Why I Like to Read Newspaper
C. Join Us and Read Newspapers
D. The Best Way to Carry News and Learn Useful Things
答案是B。本篇文章是典型的呈现主题句于文尾的类型。通过陈述他人的观点，赞同他人的观点，描述自己的爱好，归纳读报的益处，一步步推导出结论，并用主题句归纳出来，把作者的意图交代得一清二楚。
二、寻找重复词，发现作者意图
有时作者并没有写出主题句、但纵观全文，分析全文，我们可以发现作者意图的一些蛛丝马迹，得出文章的主题句，进而推断出文章的标题。例：
A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn’t it?
Sleep puzzles science. Scientists and doctors would rather talk about why one can’t fall asleep. They are not sure what causes sleep. The best conditions for sleep are good health and meal neither too big nor too small, No worries and a comfortable place are important, too. They advise against two in bed.
Strange things happen during sleep. For example, they move often. You would feel tired if you didn’t. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination in parts of your brain are still awake. Experiments have shown most of us dream in color. Bad dreams may be caused by stomachache.
Don’t worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were begun while their writings slept.
The best title for the passage is
A. The Strangeness of Sleep.
B. How Can You Get a Good Sleep.
C. What Happens During Sleep.
D. The Causes of Dream.
答案是A。本文虽说在任何地方都没有出现主题句，但全文却反复出现一个词（或近义词）。该词正是文章作者极力想体现的意思，也是作者的困惑之处，也恰是作者写本文的目的。
三、研究文章结构，感悟文章主题
有些作者既不用主题句来展示其意图，文中也无反复出现的词，而是通过运用文章本身的结构来揭示其要表达的意义。例：
George Washington（1732-1799）was born just two years before Daniel Boone. Each man helped America in a special way.
George Washington was an important leader during the Revolutionary War. George Washington liked working with people. People trusted his ideas. George Washington helped lead the colonists through the Revolutionary War. He helped form the government of the United States. He was the first president.
Daniel Boone was a pioneer. He moved into the wilderness, he did not like having too many people living near him. Daniel Boone led a small group of people to Kentucky. When Kentucky became too crowded, Daniel Boone moved his family and a few other people to Missouri. Missouri was a wilderness at the time of Revolutionary War. He died in 1820.
1. The best title for the passage is
A. Two Pioneers
B. The First President of the US
C. Two great men
D. Two American Presidents
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The first president of the US was George Washington.
B. George Washington and Daniel Boone were both important men in the history of the US.
C. Daniel Boone did great contribu -tions to the US.
D. George Washington was an important leader during the Revolutionary War.
答案分别是C、B。本文用三段来描述两个人，每段描述一个，虽说这两个人风马牛不相及……一个是美国总统，另一个是西部开拓者，但他们的相似之处在于他们都为美国做出了应有的贡献。作者的笔墨无轻无重，正是把两人视为同等重要的人。由此我们很容易得出文章主题句，并归纳出文章的题目。
四、探究文章风格，品位作者意图
有的文章作者既没有给出主题句，也没有比较明显的文章结构可以看出其要表达的意思，也没有反复出现的词。这时就需要我们对于文章的文风进一步分析，琢磨作者要表达的思想。例：
I am always worried before a swim. I don’t know what the weather will be like until the day of the race. Will the wind be whipping up 15-foot waves? Or will the surface of the water be like glass? On the morning of a swim, our trainer wakes us at around three a.m. for breakfast. We see the press. We eat. Nobody talks. I never look at the swimmers. I look out at the lake and wonder what is will do to me. I wonder whether I’ll be able to cross it. There is always the risk that I may not gain control over the water.
1. What is the possible title of this passage?
A. Thoughts before a Swimming Race
B. A Good Swimmer
C. The Weather before a Race
D. What Will it Do to Me?
2. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this passage?
A. Before a race the author doesn’t know what the weather will be like.
B. All the swimmers feel nervous before a race.
C. The author feels worried before a race about whether she can gain control over the water.
D. The author is sure of crossing the water.
答案分别是A、B。本文描述的是一个运动员赛前的复杂心理活动。而作者并没有说要描写他们的心理感想，只是用文字本身来说明。通过一句句简短的文字，我们可以感受到那紧迫的气氛，运动员的心理压力跃然纸上。这样我们就能把握作者的意图，得出本文的文题和主题句。
五、解剖文章脉络，发现分总关系
议论文的论点不是一个很难发现的观点。但出题人为了检测读者是否真正明白作者的思想，会设计一些和大论点有关的分论点的问题。这就需要读者弄清文章脉络，发现总论点和分论点之间的关系。例：
Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain（抱怨）about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that their difficulties represent（代表）a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause in us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells success from failure. When we desire （want） to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
The main idea of paragraph 3 is
.
A. most people feel life is easy
B. the writer feel life is easy
C. the writer likes to complain about his problems
D. most people complain about how hard their lives are
答案是D。文章的总论点在文首就已经给出，但其试题是就文章的第三段设计，显然是为了迷惑读者，请君入瓮。这就要求读者要明辨作者思路，找出各论点之间的关系，同时要弄清试题的意向。
我们知道，人类对于一切问题的解决办法，都采用分析的方法，即找出要解决的问题根源，分析其可能的解决办法，找出符合其实际的解法。教学活动实际上就是这两种方法的培养过程，平时训练是一种分析活动。高中阶段的学习不应只体现简单的、肤浅的、单一的知识学习，也不应只凭借所学的固有知识去解决书本上所谓的问题，而是应在掌握书本知识的基础上，培养真正的面对生活的问题的能力。能力的培养不应只让学生记忆书本或教师教给的内容，而是应让学生自己去学会归纳和分析这些最基本的技能，以不变应万变。只有这样，才能使学生永远立于不败之地。
一般来说，作者会把自己要表达的观点利用主题句的方式呈现给读者。主题句有时在文首，有时在文尾，偶尔也可能在文中。作者往往利用主题句来命题，让读者一目了然。例：
People often say, “Even without stepping out of my house I know all that has been happening in the world.”
I think that is quite true.
We get all kinds of news from newspapers. This helps us to understand the developing world, without having to go to the places where events are actually（really）taking place.
Newspapers not only carry news but also teach us many useful things, such as first aid, cooking, playing chess, how to take good photographs and enrich us with common sense.
Reading a newspaper can widen our scope（view）of knowledge. It helps us improve our writing. We can also learn many new words from newspapers.
Because of all these advantages, I like to read newspapers.
What would be the best title for the text?
A. Don’t Step Out of Your House
B .Why I Like to Read Newspaper
C. Join Us and Read Newspapers
D. The Best Way to Carry News and Learn Useful Things
答案是B。本篇文章是典型的呈现主题句于文尾的类型。通过陈述他人的观点，赞同他人的观点，描述自己的爱好，归纳读报的益处，一步步推导出结论，并用主题句归纳出来，把作者的意图交代得一清二楚。
二、寻找重复词，发现作者意图
有时作者并没有写出主题句、但纵观全文，分析全文，我们可以发现作者意图的一些蛛丝马迹，得出文章的主题句，进而推断出文章的标题。例：
A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn’t it?
Sleep puzzles science. Scientists and doctors would rather talk about why one can’t fall asleep. They are not sure what causes sleep. The best conditions for sleep are good health and meal neither too big nor too small, No worries and a comfortable place are important, too. They advise against two in bed.
Strange things happen during sleep. For example, they move often. You would feel tired if you didn’t. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination in parts of your brain are still awake. Experiments have shown most of us dream in color. Bad dreams may be caused by stomachache.
Don’t worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were begun while their writings slept.
The best title for the passage is
A. The Strangeness of Sleep.
B. How Can You Get a Good Sleep.
C. What Happens During Sleep.
D. The Causes of Dream.
答案是A。本文虽说在任何地方都没有出现主题句，但全文却反复出现一个词（或近义词）。该词正是文章作者极力想体现的意思，也是作者的困惑之处，也恰是作者写本文的目的。
三、研究文章结构，感悟文章主题
有些作者既不用主题句来展示其意图，文中也无反复出现的词，而是通过运用文章本身的结构来揭示其要表达的意义。例：
George Washington（1732-1799）was born just two years before Daniel Boone. Each man helped America in a special way.
George Washington was an important leader during the Revolutionary War. George Washington liked working with people. People trusted his ideas. George Washington helped lead the colonists through the Revolutionary War. He helped form the government of the United States. He was the first president.
Daniel Boone was a pioneer. He moved into the wilderness, he did not like having too many people living near him. Daniel Boone led a small group of people to Kentucky. When Kentucky became too crowded, Daniel Boone moved his family and a few other people to Missouri. Missouri was a wilderness at the time of Revolutionary War. He died in 1820.
1. The best title for the passage is
A. Two Pioneers
B. The First President of the US
C. Two great men
D. Two American Presidents
2. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The first president of the US was George Washington.
B. George Washington and Daniel Boone were both important men in the history of the US.
C. Daniel Boone did great contribu -tions to the US.
D. George Washington was an important leader during the Revolutionary War.
答案分别是C、B。本文用三段来描述两个人，每段描述一个，虽说这两个人风马牛不相及……一个是美国总统，另一个是西部开拓者，但他们的相似之处在于他们都为美国做出了应有的贡献。作者的笔墨无轻无重，正是把两人视为同等重要的人。由此我们很容易得出文章主题句，并归纳出文章的题目。
四、探究文章风格，品位作者意图
有的文章作者既没有给出主题句，也没有比较明显的文章结构可以看出其要表达的意思，也没有反复出现的词。这时就需要我们对于文章的文风进一步分析，琢磨作者要表达的思想。例：
I am always worried before a swim. I don’t know what the weather will be like until the day of the race. Will the wind be whipping up 15-foot waves? Or will the surface of the water be like glass? On the morning of a swim, our trainer wakes us at around three a.m. for breakfast. We see the press. We eat. Nobody talks. I never look at the swimmers. I look out at the lake and wonder what is will do to me. I wonder whether I’ll be able to cross it. There is always the risk that I may not gain control over the water.
1. What is the possible title of this passage?
A. Thoughts before a Swimming Race
B. A Good Swimmer
C. The Weather before a Race
D. What Will it Do to Me?
2. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this passage?
A. Before a race the author doesn’t know what the weather will be like.
B. All the swimmers feel nervous before a race.
C. The author feels worried before a race about whether she can gain control over the water.
D. The author is sure of crossing the water.
答案分别是A、B。本文描述的是一个运动员赛前的复杂心理活动。而作者并没有说要描写他们的心理感想，只是用文字本身来说明。通过一句句简短的文字，我们可以感受到那紧迫的气氛，运动员的心理压力跃然纸上。这样我们就能把握作者的意图，得出本文的文题和主题句。
五、解剖文章脉络，发现分总关系
议论文的论点不是一个很难发现的观点。但出题人为了检测读者是否真正明白作者的思想，会设计一些和大论点有关的分论点的问题。这就需要读者弄清文章脉络，发现总论点和分论点之间的关系。例：
Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain（抱怨）about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that their difficulties represent（代表）a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause in us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells success from failure. When we desire （want） to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
The main idea of paragraph 3 is
.
A. most people feel life is easy
B. the writer feel life is easy
C. the writer likes to complain about his problems
D. most people complain about how hard their lives are
答案是D。文章的总论点在文首就已经给出，但其试题是就文章的第三段设计，显然是为了迷惑读者，请君入瓮。这就要求读者要明辨作者思路，找出各论点之间的关系，同时要弄清试题的意向。
我们知道，人类对于一切问题的解决办法，都采用分析的方法，即找出要解决的问题根源，分析其可能的解决办法，找出符合其实际的解法。教学活动实际上就是这两种方法的培养过程，平时训练是一种分析活动。高中阶段的学习不应只体现简单的、肤浅的、单一的知识学习，也不应只凭借所学的固有知识去解决书本上所谓的问题，而是应在掌握书本知识的基础上，培养真正的面对生活的问题的能力。能力的培养不应只让学生记忆书本或教师教给的内容，而是应让学生自己去学会归纳和分析这些最基本的技能，以不变应万变。只有这样，才能使学生永远立于不败之地。