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本试验结果如下:(1)通过核置换杂交,将普通小麦显性雄不育Tal基因与对黑麦可交配的基因相结合,二者在同一核型中,都能表达各自的遗传特性。Tal基因不仅能在不同环境条件下保持原有作用强度与稳定度,并且通过对不同转育世代的可交配性测定,还进一步证实了普通小麦对黑麦的可交配基因确系来自中国春小麦品种;(2)转育到B_5世代的中国春(Tal)已达到中国春品种所具有的可交配性水平,并比中国春品种更具有实用价值。从已获得的中国春(Tal)/黑麦杂种的B_1F_4代中,镜检出附有2条黑麦染色体的小麦单株;(3)利用居间杂种[浙麦1号(Tal)/中国春5B单体](Tal)与球茎大麦杂交,再辅以滴注赤霉酸等技术,可以克服远缘生殖隔离的困难,获得属间杂种;(4)应用携有中国春血缘的任何六倍体小麦复交的居间杂种(Tal),既能省去远缘杂交中的大量去雄工作,避免产生“假杂种”,又能通过设置隔离区与多父本(黑麦各类型混种)的传粉,使杂交简便,高效,一次即可获得许多遗传背景不同的小、黑麦的杂种F_1,为创造大量的小黑麦原始资源及其异源种质在小麦育种中利用,开拓了广阔途径。
The results of the experiment are as follows: (1) Through the nuclear substitutional crosses, the dominant male sterile Tal gene of common wheat was combined with the gene capable of mating with rye. Both of them could express their own genetic characteristics in the same karyotype. Tal gene can not only maintain its original intensity and stability under different environmental conditions, but also confirm that the mating gene of common wheat to rye is indeed derived from Chinese spring wheat varieties ; (2) Chinese spring (Tal) which was transferred to B_5 generation has reached the level of mateability of Chinese spring breeds and has more practical value than Chinese spring breeds. The wheat plants with two rye chromosomes were screened from the B_1F_4 generation of the obtained Chinese Spring (Tal) / rye hybrids, and (3) the crosses of the interspecific hybrid [Tal 1 / Chinese Spring 5B monomer] (Tal) and bulb barley hybridization, supplemented by infusion of gibberellic acid and other technologies, can overcome the difficulties of distant reproductive isolation, access to intergeneric hybrids; (4) Interspecific hybrids (Tal) that restore the body of wheat can not only eliminate the large amount of male sterility in distant hybridization, but also avoid the “false hybrids” Pollinating, making hybrids easy and efficient, can get many hybrids of small, rye at different genetic backgrounds F_1. It opens up a broad avenue to create a large amount of original resources of triticale and its heterologous germplasm used in wheat breeding .