明制,凡朝廷有紧要大政事,诸如立君、继嗣、封爵、边政、国防之类,又或文武大臣缺员,必令廷臣会议,然后请旨定夺。关于事项得失可否的讨论,称为廷议;关于人事升补的拟请,则谓之“廷推”。借用现代语言,大约也可称作先“民主”,后“集中”,在“民主”基础上的“集中”——自然,仅仅是借用而已。 Ming system, where the court has major political issues, such as Li Jun, heirs, knighthoods, border government, national defense and the like, or lack of civil and military ministers, will make court meeting, and then please decide. The discussion on the merits and demerits of the issue is called Ting Yi. The proposed amendment on personnel promotion is called “court push.” Borrowing from the modern language can also be described as “democracy”, “concentration” and “concentration” on the basis of “democracy” - naturally, just borrowing.