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目的探讨2009年南昌市学校甲型H1N1流感疫情流行病学特征,为学校疫情防控工作提供参考。方法收集2009年南昌市各级各类学校、幼托机构甲型H1N1流感病例及暴发疫情相关资料,运用Excel录入、整理和分析数据。结果 2009年南昌市甲型H1N1流感病例中,学生及幼托儿童占82.0%,已追踪学生病例占85.3%。病例来源以甲型H1N1流感疫情(68.8%)为主,而治疗方面以居家隔离治疗(88.3%)为主。学校内暴发疫情数与散发病例波及学校数量有关(r=0.95),每起暴发疫情平均波及3人。时间分布上,病例的报告呈现明显的周效应,周六、周日报告病例数显著少于周一至周五。发病高峰主要在43～48周,小学生发病高峰明显,其次为中学生,大中专院校学生发病高峰不明显。结论学校疫情可能与病例未能及时流调并隔离治疗有关。新发传染病疫情处置期间,应加强各级各类学校、幼托机构的晨检、年检和晚检工作,做好家长疏导工作,配合首诊医师填报传染病报告卡详细信息。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) in schools in Nanchang in 2009, and to provide reference for prevention and control of epidemic situation in schools. Methods The data of 2009 H1N1 influenza A H1N1 influenza cases and outbreaks of all kinds of schools and preschools in Nanchang were collected. The data were collected, sorted and analyzed by Excel. Results In 2009, cases of influenza A (H1N1) in Nanchang accounted for 82.0% of the total number of students and kindergarten children, and 85.3% of the cases were traced. The main source of the disease was Influenza A (H1N1) outbreak (68.8%), while treatment was mainly isolated from home (88.3%). The number of outbreaks in schools was related to the number of cases spread to schools (r = 0.95), with an average of 3 for each outbreak. Time distribution, the case report showed a significant weekly effect, Saturday and Sunday reported significantly fewer cases than Monday to Friday. The peak incidence in 43 to 48 weeks, the peak incidence of primary school students was obvious, followed by secondary school students, college students peak incidence was not obvious. Conclusion The epidemic situation in schools may be related to the failure of timely flow control and isolation of the cases. During the disposition of the new infectious disease outbreak, the morning inspection, annual inspection and late checkup of all kinds of schools and child care institutions at all levels should be stepped up. Parents should be well advised to cooperate with the first visiting physicians to fill in the detailed information of the infectious disease report card.