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相似是事物存在的同与变异的对立统一。同构是抽象的相似，同胚是最起码的相似。相似原理是基本的科学原理之一并普遍存在于宇宙中。目的性是人类活动的本质特征，主体为某种目的而应用相似原理进而获得和满足主体的某种需要。由于价值是对象或客体对主体的满足关系，所以相似原理具有巨大的科学价值。高新技术替代传统落后技术的变异导致了现代测绘科学的发展；地图信息的存储与显示功能从两者合一到分开的变异，导致了地理信息系统的出现；地图符号与制图物体之间存在的诸多相似性，说明相似原理在测绘学中有广泛的应用。“,”Similarity forms the unity of opposites between similarity and difference existing in all things.Isomor-phism is an abstract similarity;while homeomorphism is the basic similar type.Similar element is one of the basic scientific elements,and general in universe.The character of human behavior is his purpose.Subject applies similar elements for some purpose to satisfy its demands.Value is a satisfied linkage to subject and ob-ject,so there is great scientific value of similar elements.Instead of traditional backward technology,high technology leads to modern development of geomatics.Instead of combination,the separation of storage and display in cartographic information leads to the birth of geographical information system.For there are lots of similarity between map symbols and cartographic objects,there are more applications of similarity elements.