《凡卡》是俄国作家契诃夫写的短篇小说。文章将作者的叙述、凡卡的信和写信过程中的回忆三部分内容穿插起来,运用对比、反衬、暗示和细节描写等表达方法,通过“凡卡”这一悲剧形象,反映了沙皇统治下穷苦儿童的悲惨命运,揭露了当时社会制度的黑暗。教学时可以抓住细节描写,运用对比的方法,引导学生深入感悟文章内涵。 “Van card” is a short story by Russian writer Chekhov. The article intersperses the author’s narration, the letters of each card and the memories in the process of writing a letter, and uses the expression method of contrast, contrast, suggestion and detail description, through the tragedy image of “Vanka” to reflect the czar The tragic fate of poor children under rule revealed the darkness of the social system at the time. Teaching can grasp the details of the description, the use of contrast methods to guide students in-depth understanding of the meaning of the article.