围绕现代性问题,中国学术思想界可粗略地划分为文化保守主义、文化宗教主义、自由主义、“后学”思潮及民主主义五大思湖。在文化保守主义者看来,现代性并非与传统绝然对立,现代化必须从旧传统中开出,否则会失去根基。这方面的代表人物为汤一介、庞朴、陈来及海外的杜维明等。文化宗教主义则多半是从异域输入基督教或伊斯兰教等宗教思想,强调“信仰”为道德与立人之根本,为垂危的传统文化及道德伦理注入新鲜血液与活力。代表人物有张承志、刘小枫等。自由主义却更多地承继80年代的启蒙思潮,认为启蒙尚未完成,现代化尚待实现。这种主张目前在学界影响较大,代表人 Around the issue of modernity, the Chinese academic community of ideas can roughly be divided into the five great lakes of cultural conservatism, cultural and religious doctrine, liberalism, post-school thoughts and democratism. In the view of cultural conservatives, modernity is not absolutely antagonistic to tradition. Modernization must be derived from the old tradition or it will lose its foundation. Representatives in this regard are Tom Yat-sen, Pang Pu, Chen Lai and overseas Tu Weiming. Mostly, cultural and religious doctrines import Christianity or Islamic religious ideas from other places, emphasizing “faith” as the basis for morality and building a foundation, infusing new blood and vitality into dying traditional culture and ethics. Representatives are Zhang Chengzhi, Liu Xiaofeng and so on. Liberalism has inherited more of the enlightenment trend of the 1980s and believes that the Enlightenment has not yet been completed and the modernization has yet to be realized. This idea is currently in the academic community greater influence on behalf of