一、问题的提出有效教学(effective teaching)的理念源于20世纪上半叶西方的教学科学化运动,在美国实用主义哲学和行为主义心理学影响的教学效能核定运动后,引起了世界各国教育学者的关注。20世纪以前在西方教育理论中占主导地位的教学观是“教学是艺术”。但随着20世纪以来科学思潮的影响,以及心理学特别是行为科学的发展,人们意识到,教学也是科学。即教学不仅有科学的基础,而且还可以用科学的方法来 First, the question put forward the idea of ​​effective teaching (effective teaching) from the first half of the 20th century, Western teaching and scientific movement in the United States pragmatism philosophy and behavioral psychology of the teaching effectiveness of the approved movement has aroused the education of all countries in the world Scholar’s attention The dominant view of teaching in Western educational theory before the 20th century was that “teaching is art.” However, with the influence of scientific thoughts since the 20th century and the development of psychology, especially behavioral science, people realized that teaching is also science. That is, teaching not only has the scientific basis, but also can use scientific methods