提起赵括,人们不免想起“纸上谈兵”的典故:战国时期赵国将领赵括自少时学兵法,言兵事,以天下莫能当,但却徒能空发议论,不会根据实际情况灵活运用。他在将兵守长平时,死搬教条,结果几十万大军为秦军所败,自己也被秦军射死,成为天下笑谈。其实,这只是赵括兵败的原因之一,是他思维方式的机械性所致,属于智力、能力方面的缺陷,赵括的失败还有另一重要的原因,这在赵括母亲给赵王的信中讲得很清楚,当赵括带兵将要出发时。其母上书言于王曰:“括不可使将”,因为“今括一旦为将,东向而朝。军吏无敢仰视之者,王所赐金帛,归藏于家,而日视便利田宅可买者买之,”①括母之言道出了他思想品德上的两个严重缺陷:一是傲慢自负。他一旦当上将军,就面东坐着接受部下的参见,军中官 When Zhao Zhaoguo was mentioned, people could not help but think of the story of “talking on paper.” During the Warring States period, Zhao Kuo, the general of Zhao, used to be able to learn military strategist and military strategist from time to time. However, . When he sold his soldiers to the peacetime, he eventually moved the dogma to death. As a result, hundreds of thousands of troops were defeated by the Qin army and they themselves were shot dead by the Qin army. They became the world’s joke. In fact, this is only one of the reasons why Zhao Kuibing defeat is caused by the mechanical nature of his way of thinking. It belongs to the defects of intelligence and ability. Zhao Kuo’s failure has another important reason. This is the case of Zhao Kuang’s mother The letter made it very clear, when Zhao Kui troops will be starting. His mother wrote the book in the king said: “Including may not make,” because “once the current as soon as possible, toward the east .Military officials did not dare to look up, the king gave gold silk, owned by Tibet, and Japanese Facilitating the purchase of a house by a buyer of a house, ”① the words of the mother include two serious flaws in his ideological and moral character: one is arrogance. Once he became a general, he sat east to accept the subordinates’ reference