比喻论证与类比论证是“比喻”和“类比”在论证论点过程中的具体运用。前者是将两种事物之间某些相近或相似之处放在一起比较,通过比较用具体事物来说明抽象的道理。如《拿来主义》一文,鲁迅把“文化遗产”比作祖上传下来的一所“大宅子”。后者是将两种或两类事物放在一起比较,通过比较由某些属性的相同而推出它们在别的 Metaphorical argumentation and analogy argumentation are concrete application of “analogy” and “analogy” in the process of argument. The former compares certain similarities or similarities between two kinds of things, and compares abstract things with concrete things. For example, in “Leveraging Doctrine,” Lu Xun compared the “cultural heritage” to a “big house” handed down by his ancestors. The latter is a comparison of two or two things, by comparing some of the same attributes and the introduction of them in other