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目的 探讨石化生产中产生的聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙六六盐 3种有机粉尘的危害性及预防措施。方法 生产现场劳动卫生学调查 ,粉尘的毒性及对大鼠肺的致纤维化作用动物实验。结果 作业场所粉尘浓度聚乙烯 14 2mg/m3 ,聚丙烯 4 1 6mg/m3 ,尼龙六六盐 2 5 0mg/m3 ;3种有机粉尘LD50 >15 0 0 0～30 0 0 0mg/kg;大鼠支气管染尘后经 1～ 18个月观察 ,发现实验动物肺组织切片上可见网织纤维增生和少量胶原纤维 ,染尘后的体外细胞培养液中巨噬细胞着色率和乳酸脱氢酶活性单位显著高于正常对照组 ,但低于石英粉尘对照组。结论 3种有机粉尘虽均属无毒物质 ,但据体外肺巨噬细胞实验结果对肺巨噬细胞有轻微毒性 ,对大鼠肺有轻度致纤维化作用。生产现场粉尘污染严重 ,长期接触可能造成职业危害 ,应积极采取预防措施
Objective To investigate the harmfulness and preventive measures of three kinds of organic dusts, polyethylene, polypropylene and nylon-6 salt produced in petrochemical production. Methods Animal hygiene survey, dust toxicity and induced fibrosis of rat lung in animal experiment. Results The dust concentration in the workplace was 14 2 mg / m3 for polyethylene, 4 1 6 mg / m3 for polypropylene and 250 mg / m3 for nylon 66. The LD50 of three kinds of organic dusts was more than 150 000 mg / kg Bronchial dust after 1 to 18 months of observation and found that lung tissue sections of experimental animals can be seen in the proliferation of reticular fibrosis and a small amount of collagen fibers, dust in vitro cell culture medium in macrophage staining and lactate dehydrogenase activity units Significantly higher than the normal control group, but lower than the quartz dust control group. Conclusions Although all three kinds of organic dusts are non-toxic, they are slightly toxic to lung macrophages and lung fibrosis due to pulmonary macrophage test in vitro. Dust pollution at the production site is serious, long-term exposure may cause occupational hazards, precautions should be taken actively