采用小鼠一次性学习行为（跳台和避暗法），观察原油蒸气吸入对小鼠学习和记忆能力的影响。结果表明：跳台法和避暗法中原油蒸气３０ｇ／ｍ３浓度急性染毒，能使小鼠的记忆获得和再现过程受到损害；１５ｇ／ｍ３浓度对小鼠记忆获得也有影响。本实验结果为有机溶剂神经毒的研究提供了进一步的资料。 One-time learning behavior (step-by-step and avoidance) was used to observe the effect of crude vapor inhalation on learning and memory in mice. The results showed that acute exposure to 30 g / m3 crude oil vapor in the step-down and dark-avoidance methods could impair the process of memory acquisition and reproduction in mice. The 15 g / m3 concentration also had an impact on the memory of mice. The experimental results provide further information for the study of neurotoxicity of organic solvents.