初中学生的特点是:学习态度处于自觉与不自觉的交叉口;学习方式处于主动和被动的临界线;知识掌握处于原始积累和知识联动扩张的分水岭。如何激励和引导学生主动学习、自主学习、探索知识脉络、探究知识根源,为今后知识的增容扩张打下坚实的(知识、能力和方法的)基础是教师的主要和首要任务。 The characteristics of junior high school students are as follows: learning attitude is at the intersection of conscious and unconsciousness; the learning mode is at the initiative and passive threshold; and knowledge masters is the watershed of primitive accumulation and knowledge linkage expansion. How to motivate and guide students to take the initiative to learn, to learn independently, to explore the source of knowledge, to explore the root causes of knowledge, and lay a solid foundation of knowledge, abilities and methods for the future expansion of knowledge is the primary and primary task of teachers.