当今时代,世界各国都把作为提高效率、发展社会生产力的现代化管理放在突出的地位。 所谓管理是指在一定的生产方式下,人们为了达到预期的目标与任务,依照某些原则、程序和方法,针对管理对象所进行的计划、组织、指挥、协调与控制的工作或职能。马克思说过:“管理是一种生产劳动,是每一种结合的生产方式中必须进行的劳动”。凡有共同劳动的地方,就会有管理。共同劳动的规模越大,劳动分工与协作越细。管理就越缜密和复杂。可以想象,埃及金字塔、罗马水道、万里长城等巨大工程的 In today’s era, all countries in the world have placed modern management as a means of improving efficiency and developing social productivity. The so-called management refers to the work or function of planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling the management objects in order to achieve the desired goals and tasks according to certain principles, procedures and methods. Marx said: “Management is a kind of production labor, which is the labor that must be carried out in every combined production mode.” Where there is joint labor, there will be management. The greater the scale of joint labor, the finer the division of labor and collaboration. The more meticulous and complicated management is. It is conceivable that huge projects such as the Egyptian pyramids, Roman waterways, and the Great Wall of China