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膀胱是一腹膜外盆腔器官,大小、形状随年龄及其充盈与否变异颇大。如儿童期盆腔较小膀胱往往成为腹腔脏器;成年人膀胱贮尿时,顶部可超出耻骨上缘之外,而空虚时,则位于盆腔之深部,被周围坚硬骨质所保护,除非遭到极大暴力,否则不易受伤。膀胱损伤,80％均系闭合伤。按其损伤范围和部位可分四类:膀胱挫伤,是指膀胱壁受到有限的损害,未被穿破,仅在粘膜上见一些瘀斑。这些最轻的损伤,约占36—50％,不是本文讨论重点。腹膜外膀胱破裂,占25—26％。腹膜内膀胱破裂(占15％)和腹膜外、内联合损伤,约有10—12％。开放伤发生率虽然只有4.5—20％,但引起腹膜内膀胱破裂以及腹膜外和腹膜内联合损伤的机会要多。
Bladder is an extraperitoneal pelvic organ, size, shape and fill with age or not quite a large variation. Such as childhood pelvic small bladder often become abdominal organs; adult urinary bladder, the top beyond the upper margin of the pubic bone, and emptiness, then located in the deep pelvic cavity, surrounded by hard bone is protected, unless it is Extremely violent, otherwise not easily injured. Bladder injury, 80% were closed injury. According to the extent of damage and the site can be divided into four categories: bladder contusion, the bladder wall is limited damage, not worn, only see some of the mucosal ecchymosis. These lightest injuries, about 36-50%, are not the focus of this article. Peritoneal bladder rupture, accounting for 25-26%. Intraperitoneal bladder rupture (15%) and extraperitoneal, internal joint injury, about 10-12%. Although the incidence of open wounds only 4.5-20%, but caused by intra-peritoneal bladder rupture and extraperitoneal and intraperitoneal joint injury more chances.